Proceso de moldeo por inyección de termoplásticos

Thermoplastic injection molding has become the most applicable plastic manufacturing process. It is renowned for producing products of high standard quality in minimal turnaround and large quantities. The increasing need for high quality plastic products in different sectors has boosted the application of thermoplastic materials.

These materials are based on polymer resins, and when heated, they turn into a homogeneous liquid that becomes solid when cooled. Injection molding employs thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics or even elastomeric materials to form high-performance moldable parts or products. Newer technologies in injection molding thermoplastic and better molds have enabled the reduction of costs, better looks, and better manufacturing prospects.

Why Are Thermoplastics Materials Used in Injection Molding?

 

Thermoplastics are used in injection molding since they melt at high temperatures and crystallize at low temperatures. This property makes them ideal for being recycled and formed into different forms and structures. They are the most preferred materials in industries due to their flexibility and versatility of use.

How To Produce Injection Molded Thermoplastic Products?

Thermoplastic injection molding is one of the most fundamental processes in contemporary production. It entails the creation of a variety of plastic products through the employment of thermoplastic polymers.

Step 1. Appropriate Material Selection

The material type used determines the final product’s functionality, appearance, and durability. Select materials by considering their mechanical properties, heat stability, and specific use.

Step 2. Material Preparation

This process entails drying raw plastic pellets to eliminate moisture. Because moisture content significantly impacts and is destructive to the melting process and the molded part. These prepared pellets are then fed into the hopper of the injection molding thermoplastic machine through a conveyor belt.

Step 3. Melting

The plastic pellets are melted in a barrel which entails a reciprocating screw. These pellets then take the form of molten lava or red hot liquid. During this phase, temperature controls are crucial to obtain the right consistency and the flow of the molten plastic to the required standard.

Step 4. Injection

As the name suggests, the molten plastic is injected into the mold cavity by applying highly controlled injection pressure. The precise control over this process determines the part’s exact specifications and finishes. The resulting parts are then cooled down and solidified at optimal conditions.

Step 5. Ejection

The required part is then taken out from the mold by using ejector pins after the solidification. This process must be timed and controlled so that it does not harm the part and that it is released properly.

Step 5. Post-Processing

This phase is typically used to cut to shape parts into desired shapes. The parts can be painted, anodized, trimmed, polished, etc, depending on the required functionality and aesthetics.

What are the Critical Parts of a Thermoplastic Injection Molding Machine?

A thermoplastic injection molding machine is made of several parts. Some commonest parts include;

Clamping Unit

The clamping unit tightly holds the two parts of the mold to ensure that they do not open during the injection. It has to apply enough force to resist the force exerted by the molten plastic being injected to ensure that the mold does not open and the part is well formed.

Injection Unit

The injection unit, which is said to be the heart of the machine, is in charge of heating the plastic material and injecting it into the mold cavity. It has a heated barrel with a screw that moves back and forth to force the plastic through a nozzle into the mold and maintain a steady supply of material.

Dwelling and Cooling System

Once the molten plastic has been injected into the mold, the dwelling and cooling system keeps pressure to guarantee that the plastic occupies all the mold cavities and solidifies into the right shape. Cooling is a very important process in the reduction of the cycle time as well as enhancing the quality of the final product.

Ejection Process

After the plastic has been set, the ejection process starts. The mold is opened, and the ejector pins, which are provided on the side of the mold, throw out the finished part from the mold cavity. This process must be done carefully and at the right time so that the part is not damaged and the removal is done well.

Mold Tool

The mold tool is a negative one and is made from steel or aluminum and forms the final product. It defines the surface finish and size of the product. The tool has two halves that are connected at the center and which are injected apart from each other.

Material Types Are Used in Thermoplastic Injection Molding?

The are many type of thermoplastic injection molding materials used to create molding products include;

ABS (Acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno) is characterized by high impact strength, high rigidity, and low shrinkage. This makes it ideal for automotive components, consumer electronics, and toys where durability and mechanical stress resistance are of paramount importance. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de ABS.

Poliamida (nailon) has high strength, thermal stability, and wear resistance. These attributes make it ideal for use in automotive parts, mechanical products, and other consumer products that require strength and performance. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de nailon.

Cloruro de polivinilo (PVC) has the advantages of high strength, good chemical resistance, and fire resistance. Some of the uses are plumbing pipes, medical tubing, and outdoor furniture, which makes it a material that can be used in many fields.

Tereftalato de polietileno (PET) is valued for its transparency, mechanical properties and food contact approval. This material is used in beverage bottles, packaging materials, and synthetic fabrics because of its strength and clarity.

PMMA or Acrylic offers sound light transmission and is not affected by weathering or UV radiation. These features make it suitable for signs, lamps, and windows where transparency and strength are desirable. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de PMMA.

Poliestireno (PS) is a lightweight material, relatively cheap, and often used in disposable cutlery, CD cases, and insulating materials because it is easy to shape and relatively cheap. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de PS.

Poliuretano termoplástico (TPU) is characterized by high elasticity, oil resistance, and abrasion resistance. It is applied in the production of soles and insoles of shoes, flexible medical tubes, seals and gaskets of automobiles, etc. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de TPU.

Polioximetileno (POM) has high rigidity, low wear rate, and good resistance to shrinkage and swelling. It is suitable for applications that call for strength and accuracy, like gears and bearings, electrical parts, and consumer products. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de POM.

Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) has good electrical properties, heat and chemical resistance. It is widely applied in electrical parts, automotive parts, and under-hood parts because of its high strength and heat resistance.

Poliestireno de alto impacto (HIPS) is characterized by high impact strength and good processability. It is used in model making, sign writing, and in the housing of consumer electronic products where strength and stability are required.

Elastómeros termoplásticos or TPE are materials that have characteristics of both thermoplastics and rubber and are flexible and elastic. They are applied to sealing and gasket applications, soft feel parts in household goods, and handles. Read  more about Moldeo por inyección de TPE.

Polyphenylene Oxide (PPO) is well known for its heat resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and electrical insulation. It is applied in automotive parts, electrical parts, and appliances that need to be hard-wearing and heat-resistant.

LCP is characterized by high mechanical strength, high-temperature stability, and good chemical resistance. It is applied in high-voltage electrical contacts, microwave oven parts, and other critical uses.

Polieterimida (PEI) has high heat, strength, and flame resistance. It is used in aerospace parts, medical equipment, and other places where high stress is experienced.

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is characterized by high-temperature stability, chemical inactivity, and mechanical characteristics. It is applied in aerospace parts, automotive applications, and medical applications where strength and toughness are needed. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de PEEK.

Sulfuro de polifenileno (PPS) has high heat resistance, chemical resistance, and low thermal shrinkage. It is used in automotive, electrical and electronics and in coatings that require chemical and heat stability. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de PPS.

Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) is preferred for its clarity, stiffness and resistance to chemicals. These properties make it suitable for use in food containers since fats and oils are some of the things that the containers should be able to withstand. SAN is also often applied in kitchenware because of its high heat resistance and in bathroom fittings because of chemical resistance.

Acetal (Polyoxymethylene, POM) is highly stiff, self-lubricating, and has good dimensional stability. Acetal is also used in electrical insulators and consumer goods. Some common examples include; zippers and window latches, where strength and wear resistance are required.

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is known for its flexibility, high-impact strength, and clarity. It is a rubber like material that can be molded and recycled and is used in foam products used in sports equipment padding, footwear such as soles and insoles, and flexible packaging films.

Polyurethane (PU) is a flexible polymer that is applied to foam furniture and car seats because of its comfort and sturdiness. Also, PU is used in wheels and tires of industrial and recreational vehicles and automotive interior parts such as dashboards.

PPSU is highly heat resistant, very tough, and can withstand steam sterilization, which makes it suitable for challenging conditions. PPSU is widely used in medical instruments that are often sterilized, aircraft interiors that are exposed to high temperatures and stress, and plumbing where heat and mechanical stress are essential. Read more about Moldeo por inyección de PPSU.

Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) is a variant of PET but has better barrier properties, heat and chemical resistance. PEN is applied in packaging materials that need to be very strong and have good barrier properties and in electronics where parts need to be dimensionally stable and electrical insulating.

Polybutylene’s peculiar characteristics, like heat and pressure resistance, make it ideal for use in piping systems in hot and cold water distribution and under-floor heating systems where high temperature and pressure are required.

Polymethylpentene (PMP) is a rather special type of thermoplastic due to its transparency and heat resistance. PMP is used in laboratory equipment where chemical resistance and clarity are required and in microwave cookware because of its heat resistance and quality food preparation.

Polysulfone (PSU) is characterized by high heat resistance, strength, and transparency. These characteristics make it ideal for use in medical devices, especially those that are reusable and need to be sterilized, water filtration systems because of their stability and strength, and electrical parts where insulation and heat resistance are important.

Thermoset Vs Thermoplastic Injection Molding: Key Differences

Moldeo por inyección de termoplásticos

This thermoplastic molding technique uses materials such as; polyethylene and nylon that can be reheated and recycled for second use. It is perfect for producing numerous components that require flexibility, impact strength, or clarity.

Thermoset Injection Molding

This method uses materials such as epoxy and polyester, which undergo a chemical reaction when exposed to heat and harden to a specific form. They cannot be reshaped once they have cooled down. It is used where high strength, heat or chemical resistance is required, but unlike thermoplastics, they cannot be recycled

Therefore, the major distinction is that thermoplastics can be recycled through melting and thermosets are permanently molded and cannot be remolded, providing different strength as per the requirement.

Industrial Applications of Thermoplastic Injection molding

Industria del automóvil: Thermoplastic injection molding is widely applied for fabricating interior to exterior components of automobiles like dashboard parts, bumpers, and door panels of cars. It is also useful for creating under-the-hood parts such as fluid reservoirs and housings because of its strength and accuracy.

Industria médica: In the medicare sector, thermoplastic injection molding is very significant in the manufacturing of disposable syringes, surgical instruments, and enclosures for medical devices. Due to its precision in developing complex patterns, it is essential to develop parts utilized in diagnostic tools and prosthetics.

Electrónica de consumo: In electronics, this molding process is used in the production of enclosures of smart phones, remote controls, and computer parts, among others. It is also used in the fabrication of battery casings and connectors because of its strength and versatility of shape.

Construction Industry: In construction, thermoplastic injection molding is applied in the production of pipe fittings, plumbing parts, and electrical enclosures because of the strength and durability of the material. It is also applied in the production of insulating materials and window frames due to its strength and heat resistance.

Toys and Recreation: This molding process is used in creating action figures, puzzles, and boards games that have designs that are complex. It is also used in the manufacture of outdoor items such as garden implements and children’s play equipment since it can yield strong and safe products.

Household Products: Thermoplastic injection molding is vital in the production of kitchen appliances, containers, and utensils because of the heat and chemical resistance. It is also used in making storage bins and cleaning tools due to its strength and simplicity.

Thermoplastic Injection Molding: Common Defects & Remedies

Below are typical challenges encountered during the process and strategies to address them effectively:

Insufficient Filling: This is so when the mold is not fully filled. To address this, one may increase injection speed or pressure, check the temperature of the material, or increase the size of the gate.

Flash Formation: This is a condition where there is the formation of a thin layer of plastic on the edge of the part after it has been molded. This can be solved by either lowering the injection pressure or clamping force or by checking the mold for any damages.

Warping: If the part distorts during cooling, then consider uniform cooling temperature, cycle time to optimal state.

Sink Marks: These are small contours on the part’s surface and normally occur in varying sizes. To prevent these, increase the cooling time or reduce the holding pressure.

Burn Marks: These occur when a material is overheated or air is trapped and may cause black or brown discoloration on the part surface. This can be overcome by reducing the melt and mold temperature and, at the same time, increasing the injection speed so as to avoid overheating or the formation of air pockets.

Such changes should enhance the quality and productivity of the injection molding process.

Resumen

Thermoplastic injection molding remains one of the most significant pillars of innovation that offers flexibility and effectiveness in developing quality products. It is used in automotive and medical industries, consumer electronics and many more industries proving its versatility and efficiency.

Companies like Sincer Tech are the best examples of plastic injection molding services that provide full-service solutions with a focus on quality and accuracy. Our company specializes in overmolding and insert molding and uses a variety of materials to guarantee that each product is of the highest quality.

They offer a wide range of thermoplastics, and their experience in prototype molding and mass production makes them among the best. Whether it is a prototype or a mass production project, Sincere Techs’ dedication to the advancement of technology and the production of high-quality products is evident in all of their work.